Contractual chains and recruitment patterns of posted third-country nationals

Insights from case studies

AUTHORS

Sophie Vancauwenbergh

Filipa Homem

Marco Paron Trivellato

PUBLICATION YEAR

2025

CITATION

European Labour Authority (2025). Posting of third-country nationals: Contracting chains, recruitment patterns, and enforcement issues. Insights from case studies. Luxembourg: ELA Strategic Analysis, Publications Office of the European Union.

DESCRIPTION

The study analyses the experience of posted TCN workers in selected case study countries – Poland, Portugal and Slovenia – and during their posting assignments to other EU Member States. It is an operational study commissioned by the European Labour Authority analysing the contracting chains by mapping public and private actors and labour market intermediaries involved in the posting supply chain with an objective to provide information that allows better targeting of operational activities for both ELA and the stakeholders. During the fieldwork in-depth interviews were conducted with posted TCN workers from Ukraine, Brazil and Portugal, and national enforcement authorities and social partner organisations in the case study countries. The study is published as ELA's Strategic Analysis and can be downloaded here.