Co-developing program theories for best fit social innovations in long-term care: lessons from across European implementation projects

AUTHORS

Breuer, Erica

Kahlert, Rahel 

Champeix, Claire

Garcia-Soler, Alvaro

Grbevska, Tamara 

Ondas, Karin 

Comas-Herrera, Adelina 

Olivia, Silvia

Ulla-Diez, Sara M.

Slavkoska, Aleksandra 

Stouthard, Lian 

Iturburu, Miren 

Galdona, Nerea

Ilinca, Stefania 

PUBLICATION YEAR

2025

PUBLISHED IN

Journal of Long Term Care

CITATION

Breuer, E., Kadi, S., Kahlert, R., Champeix, C., García-Soler, Á., Grbevska, T., Ondas, K., Comas-Herrera, A., Oliva, S., Ulla Díez, S.M., Slavkoska, A., Stouthard, L., Iturburu, M., Galdona, N. and Ilinca, S. (2025) ‘Co-developing Program Theories for Best Fit Social Innovations in Long-Term Care: Lessons From a Cross European Implementation Project’, Journal of Long Term Care, 0(), p. 1–11. Available at: https://doi.org/10.31389/jltc.306.

DESCRIPTION

Context: The need for socially innovative care models is crucial in addressing the challenges posed by ageing populations. Social innovations developed in other settings often require adaptation to ensure they are the best fit for a new setting.

Perspective: We propose that participatory Theory of Change workshops can strengthen the development and adaptation of best-fit social innovations in long-term care by engaging multiple stakeholders to develop a program theory which describes how a complex programme or policy is hypothesised to work in a given context. We use an example from InCARE, a European Union funded project from 2020 to 2023, which aimed to develop and use participatory processes to design and implement social innovations for long-term care in Spain, Austria and North Macedonia.

Implications: Theory of Change can work to develop a common vision with stakeholders, identify and adapt innovative ideas, engage early and meaningfully with stakeholders and partner with stakeholders who can support sustainability as well as outline the challenges and limitations inherent in the Theory of Change approach.